Health effects of air pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health effects of air pollution - Essay Example Inhalation of air pollutants causes distress to the respiratory system, which lead to development of chronic respiratory infections, and aggravation of ailments affecting the system. The air pollutants cause respiratory problems in various ways including blocking the air pathways after being deposited in the lungs, irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract resulting to production of mucus and coughing. These effects increase the vulnerability of the affected person to developing infections of the respiratory system. Numerous medical research studies on the effect of air pollution on children indicate that their health is more prone to the emissions than adults are (WHO, 2005). Polluted air causes adverse effects to the growth and development of both unborn and born children. Several factors contribute to the increased vulnerability of children’s health to air pollution. These include the continuing growth and development process of the lungs, incomplete metabolic systems and undeveloped immune systems that makes them susceptible to respiratory infections (WHO, 2005). These factors could lead to higher exposure of the children to air pollutants and increase the toxicity of the substances once they enter into the respiratory system. According to WHO (2005, p18) the effectiveness of the detoxification system in children improves with time, during prenatal and postnatal period. Hence, children at prenatal stage are most susceptible to air pollution because the lungs and the respiratory syste m are at critical stage of growth and development. When the developing lungs are exposed to air pollution, their optimal functional ability reduces and the abnormality continues to adulthood, causing reduced functional reserve of the lungs (WHO, 2005). Reduced functional reserve in adulthood increases the vulnerability of infections due to ageing and exposure to other pollutants, such as smoking and work related exposures (WHO, 2005,

Some of the Routine Applications of Descriptive Statistics Coursework - 12

Some of the Routine Applications of Descriptive Statistics - Coursework Example In addition, Part B of the assignment discusses some of the use of confidence intervals in determining the statistical confidence of nursing research and explains that the approach is used test the reliability or probability of getting the same values from a sample size. However, a major controversy of statistical and clinical significance is the biasness of the resulting data when used in real clinical context. The descriptive statistics in the article stems from the emphasis on the need to identify and include or integrate the family members of the patients during the provision of the health care services to the patient (Tudor, Berger, Polivka, Chlebowy & Thomas, 2014). As such, the article recommends there is the need to embrace patient and family-centered care as this is poised to transform the healthcare sector a great deal. In particular, the article tries to gather descriptive statistics from the characteristics or elements of the patient’s family members with the underlying assumption that involving the family of the patients in routine care can improve safety and satisfaction (Tudor, Berger, Polivka, Chlebowy & Thomas, 2014). In this case, the descriptive statistics included such elements like the ethnicity, sex, age, years of experience, work unit including other important statistics on the characteristics of the patient’s family like specialty certification, the num ber of times they have been involved in resuscitation (Tudor, Berger, Polivka, Chlebowy, Thomas, 2014). Other variable statistics included or involved identifying the risk and benefits of the presence of the family.